Letter case

In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also capital letters, capitals, caps, majuscule, or large letters) and smaller lower case (also minuscule or small letters) in certain languages. In the Latin script, upper case letters are A, B, C, etc., whereas lower case includes a, b, c, etc. Here is a comparison of the upper and lower case versions of each letter included in the English alphabet (the exact representation will vary according to the font used):
The lower case is the more commonly used variant, contrasted by the upper case, which is used for special purposes, for example as the first letter of a sentence or a proper noun; however, the upper-case forms are regarded as the basic or citation forms of the letters. Languages have capitalisation rules to determine whether...