Timeline of number theory

A timeline of number theory.
Before 1000 BC

ca. 20,000 BC — Nile Valley, Ishango Bone: possibly the earliest reference to prime numbers and Egyptian multiplication although this is disputed.

About 300 BC

300 BC — Euclid proves the number of prime numbers is infinite.

1st millennium AD

250 — Diophantus writes Arithmetica, one of the earliest treatises on algebra.
500 — Aryabhata solves the general linear diophantine equation.
ca. 650 — Mathematicians in India create the Hindu-Arabic numeral system we use, including the zero and negative numbers.

1000–1500

ca. 1000 — Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi first states a special case of Fermat's Last Theorem.
895 — Thabit ibn Qurra gives a theorem by which pairs of amicable numbers can be found, (i.e., two numbers such that each is the sum of the proper divisors of the other).
975 — The earliest
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